1.2 Disadvantages of the Centralized Internet

Internet services and applications in the era of Web2.0 are mainly based on a centralized architecture, which, while providing a certain degree of convenience and efficiency, also has some drawbacks. First, centralized Internet applications are vulnerable to attacks. Once the centralized server is attacked, users' data and privacy may be at risk of being leaked. Second, Internet services under a centralized architecture lack transparency and autonomy. Users often cannot know the flow and use of data, nor can they participate in the governance of applications.